Сила сжатия кисти как отражение физиологического состояния организма и органа зрения по данным Уральского глазного и медицинского исследования

    Relevance

    The hand grip strength (HGS) is an indicator determined by the dynamometry and characterizing a person’s muscular strength [1]. It is known that after 40 years muscle strength gradually decreases [1, 2], which may indicate not only presence of neurological disorders and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, but also the presence of cardiovascular pathology, pathology of respiratory system, oncology, chronic kidney and chronic liver diseases, psychological disorders, comorbidity, and also be a prognostic factor of mortality from all causes [3]. The results of the study by Leong and co-authors showed that a decrease in HGS by 5 kg correlates with an increase in mortality from all causes by 16% [4]. There are many studies demonstrating the relationship of the dynamometry index with the presence of chronic diseases of internal organs, however, there is practically no data in the Russian literature on the relationship of HGS with eye diseases and ophthalmological parameters [1, 3, 5, 6].

    Purpose

    Purpose to determine the relationship of the hand grip strength with some general somatic and ophthalmological parameters and diseases among residents of the Southern Urals.

    Material and methods

    The Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS) is a clinical population-based study that was conducted on the basis of the Ufa Eye Research Institute of Bashkir State Medical University the period from 2015 to 2017. The study participants were residents of the Republic of Bashkortostan aged 40 years and older. UEMS was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Ufa Eye Research Institute. All participants signed a voluntary informed consent [7‒10].

    The study involved 5899 participants who underwent a questionnaire (questions related to demographic characteristics, social status, lifestyle, medical history), general somatic examination (including dynamometry using a portable dynamometer dk-140, Russia), general and special ophthalmological examination. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the IBM SPSS 27.0 program. In the statistical analysis the results of the dynamometry of the right hand were taken into account. The presence of a relationship between muscle strength and other parameters was determined using the logistic regression method (univariate and multivariate regression analysis), where HGS was the dependent variable.

    In the multivariate regression analysis, the parameters that demonstrated high collinearity, as well as those parameters that had no significant relationship with the hand grip strength, were excluded from the list of independent variables. The standardized regression coefficient β, the nonstandardized regression coefficient B and its 95% confidence interval (CI), as well as the Variance inflation factor (VIF) were calculated. All values were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.

    Results and discussion

    Of the 5899 participants of the Ural Eye and Medical Study the presence study included 5381 participants (of whom 45.4% were men, 54.6% – women) with available dynamometry data, the average age of the respondents was 58.6±10.6 years (median: 58 years; range: 40–94 years). The average value of the HGS for the right hand was 30.6±11.7 decanewtons (dN) (median: 30 dN; range: 0–72 dN). The results of the regression analysis showed a correlation of weak hand grip strength with such parameters as older age (<0.001), female gender (<0.001), lower height (<0.001), lower waist/hip ratio (<0.001), lower level of education (<0.001), more smoking experience (0.023), more salt intake (<0.001), higher degree of processing meat (0.007), lower level of physical activity (<0.001), lower serum hemoglobin concentration (<0.001), lower prothrombin index (PTI) (0.021), higher white blood cell count (0.013), presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (0.024), higher depression score-depression (<0.001), higher prevalence of arthritis (0.025) and falls (0.043), presence of diabetic retinopathy (0.006), lower best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (<0.001), shorter axial length (0.008), low intraocular pressure (IOP) (0.001) (Table).

    The data obtained during the Ural Eye and Medical Study on the relationship of high HGS with a high level of general body condition (high physical activity and hemoglobin levels, lower prevalence of liver diseases, etc.) are consistent with the results of previous studies [3, 4, 11]. The UEMS study demonstrated a correlation between HGS and shorter axial length. This relationship can be explained by the fact that myopia is more often noted among people with high socio-economic status, who, as a rule, have a better level of general health. The positive correlation of muscle strength and IOP can be explained by the relationship of both of these indicators with high arterial blood pressure (BP) [12].

    Conclusion

    In addition to the parameters characterizing a low level of general health and lifestyle features, the hand grip strength correlated with such ophthalmological parameters as higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, lower BCVA and lower IOP. Determining of hand grip strength can provide additional information about the lifestyle, the general health status of the patient and some parameters of the patient’s eye.

    Information about the authors

    Ellina M. Iakupova – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of integrative ophthalmology department, Ufa Eye Research Institute of Bashkir State Medical University, rakhimova_ellina@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-6261

    Jost B. Jonas – Professor emer. of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany, jost.jonas@medma.uni-heidelberg.de, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-5227

    Songhomitra Panda-Jonas – doctor, Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr.Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany, drsjonas@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/000-00300709-863X

    Информация об авторах

    Якупова Эллина Маратовна – к.м.н., зав. отделом интегративной офтальмологии, Уфимский НИИ ГБ ФГБОУ ВО БГМУ Минздрава России, rakhimova_ellina@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-6261

    Йост Бруно Йонас – профессор, Госпиталь Фонда Ротшильда, Французский институт близорукости, Париж, Франция, jost.jonas@ medma.uniheidelberg.de, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-5227

    Панда-Йонас Сонгромитра – доктор Частной клиники профессора Йонаса и Доктора Панда-Йонас, Гейдельберг, Германия, drsjonas@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/000-00300709-863X

    Аuthor’s сontribution:

    Iakupova E.M. – writing, review & editing, writing original draft, data curation.

    Jonas J.B. – writing, review & editing, validation, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, data curation, conceptualization.

    Panda-Jonas S. – writing, review & editing, мethodology, investigation.

    Вклад авторов:

    Якупова Э.М. – написание, рецензирование и редактирование, написание оригинального текста, сбор и обработка материала.

    Йонас Й.Б. – написание, рецензирование и редактирование, валидация, методология, исследование, формальный анализ, обработка данных, концепция и дизайн исследования.

    Панда-Йонас С. – написание, рецензирование и редактирование, методология, исследование.

    Financial transparency: Аuthors have no financial interest in the submitted materials or methods.

    Финансирование: Авторы не получали конкретный грант на это исследование от какого-либо финансирующего агентства в государственном, коммерческом и некоммерческом секторах.

    Conflict of interest: Тhere is no conflict of interest.

    Конфликт интересов: Отсутствует.

    Поступила: 09.07.2025

    Переработана: 20.07.2025

    Принята к печати: 28.07.2025

    Originally received: 09.07.2025

    Final revision: 20.07.2025

    Accepted: 28.07.2025