Acquired myopia in children: extraocular precursors of the first symptoms

    Abstract

    Original article

    Acquired myopia in children: extraocular precursors of the first symptoms

    S.A. Obrubov, I.V. Rogozhina, A.A. Timershina

    Institute of Maternity and Childhood, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Children’s Medical Center Department of Presidential Affairs, Moscow, Russian Federation

    Purpose. To determine the frequency, nature, and time of occurrence of extraocular pathology preceding acquired myopia in children.

    Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the clinical examination of children with acquired myopia aged 7 to 17 years, selected by the continuous selection method, was carried out on the basis of the polyclinic unit (Tsander St.) of the Children’s Medical Center Department of Presidential Affairs, for the period 2016–2024. A total of 94 outpatient cards were selected. Of these, 47 patients without myopia were included in the control group and 47 patients with acquired myopia in experimental group. Patients with myopia were divided into three subgroups: 1st subgroup (24 children) – with extraocular pathology preceding the appearance of myopia, 2nd subgroup (23 patients) – with extraocular pathology detected simultaneously during the year with myopia. All extraocular pathology were also divided into groups according to the classes of the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision (ICD-10): diseases of the musculoskeletal system (class 13. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue), diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (class 11. Diseases of the digestive system), diseases of the cardiovascular system (class 9. Diseases of the circulatory system), chronic allergic diseases (there is no separate class according to ICD-10), congenital diseases (class 7. Congenital anomalies and malformations) and a group of metabolic disorders (class 4. Diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders).

    Results. Extraocular precursors of acquired myopia in children are diseases of the musculoskeletal system (63%) and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (37%). Diseases of the musculoskeletal system manifest themselves 5 years before the onset of acquired myopia and are manifested by impaired posture in the form of scoliosis, instability of the spine, transverse flat feet, deforming dorsopathy (scoliosis, kyphoscoliosis, dislocations of the vertebrae). Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are detected 3 years before the onset of myopia and are manifested by gastroesophageal reflux, chronic gastroduodenitis, and insufficient emptying of the gallbladder. In the control group, diseases of the musculoskeletal tract occur in isolated cases (2%) and slightly more often (6%) gastrointestinal tract pathology

    Key words: myopia, precursors of myopia, extraocular pathology, children

    For citation: Obrubov S.A., Rogozhina I.V., Timershina A.A. Acquired myopia in children: extraocular precursors of the first symptoms. Rossiyskaya detskaya oftalmologiya. 2025;1(51): 24–28.

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.25276/2307-6658-2025-1-24-28

    Corresponding author: Inna V. Rogozhina, riww75@gmail.com